Some science behind the scenes
Aluminium chelating plants
Any plant that upon analysis contains aluminium, when it has no need of that chemical itself is, by definition, capable of chelating the soil.
The following list is from Dr Duke's phytochemical database and contains just some of the plants he found that contained aluminium upon analysis. The implications are also clear, that it is not safe to eat these plants if they have been grown on contaminated land.
Once the chelation of the land is complete, they need to be disposed of safely, for example placed in a deep pit - an open cast mine for example or other deep hole in the ground - where they cannot resurface and where their contaminants are safely buried
List of plants containing ALUMINUM
Species | Part | Lo ppm | Hi ppm | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumis sativus L. [Cucurbitaceae] | Fruit | 0.4 | 21000 | DUKE1992A |
Echinacea spp [Asteraceae] | Root | 786 | 12900 | EMP5:253 |
Juniperus virginiana L. [Cupressaceae] | Shoot | 57 | 8800 | DUKE1992A |
Carya glabra (MILLER) SWEET [Juglandaceae] | Shoot | 40 | 7700 | DUKE1992A |
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus MOENCH. [Caprifoliaceae] | Stem | 190 | 4400 | DUKE1992A |
Pinus echinata MILLER [Pinaceae] | Shoot | 255 | 4200 | USG |
Phaseolus lunatus L. [Fabaceae] | Seed | 0.44 | 3000 | USG |
Nyssa sylvatica MARSHALL [Cornaceae] | Leaf | 25 | 2730 | DUKE1992A |
Centella asiatica (L.) URBAN [Apiaceae] | Leaf | 2060 | 2060 | PED 1 |
Stellaria media (L.) VILLARS [Caryophyllaceae] | Plant | 1960 | 1960 | PED 1 |
Rhus copallina L. [Anacardiaceae] | Leaf | 40 | 1920 | DUKE1992A |
Mentha pulegium L. [Lamiaceae] | Plant | 1850 | 1850 | PED |
Liquidambar styraciflua L. [Hamamelidaceae] | Stem | 10 | 1800 | DUKE1992A |
Lycopersicon esculentum MILLER [Solanaceae] | Fruit | 0.3 | 1700 | DUKE1992A |
Prunus serotina subsp. serotina [Rosaceae] | Leaf | 14 | 1440 | USG |
Agathosma betulina (P. J. BERGIUS) PILLANS [Rutaceae] | Leaf | 1360 | 1360 | PED |
Barosma betulina (P. J. BERGIUS) BARTL. & H. L. WENDL. [Rutaceae] | Leaf | 1360 | 1360 | DUKE1992A |
Sassafras albidum (NUTT.) NEES [Lauraceae] | Leaf | 50 | 1360 | USG |
Ruscus aculeatus L. [Liliaceae] | Root | 1310 | 1310 | PED 1 |
Liquidambar styraciflua L. [Hamamelidaceae] | Leaf | 40 | 1230 | DUKE1992A |
Quercus alba L. [Fagaceae] | Stem | 20 | 1064 | USG |
Daucus carota L. [Apiaceae] | Root | 1 | 1050 | DUKE1992A |
Phaseolus vulgaris subsp. var. vulgaris [Fabaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 1050 | AAS USG |
Prunus persica (L.) BATSCH [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 2.25 | 1050 | DUKE1992A |
Vitis vinifera L. [Vitaceae] | Stem | 1030 | 1030 | PED |
Rhus glabra L. [Anacardiaceae] | Stem | 2 | 1005 | DUKE1992A |
Harpagophytum procumbens (BURCH.) DC. EX MEISN. [Pedaliaceae] | Root | 939 | 939 | PED 1 |
Thymus vulgaris L. [Lamiaceae] | Leaf | 920 | 920 | PED |
Quercus stellata WANGENH. [Fagaceae] | Stem | 18 | 840 | DUKE1992A |
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) MICHX. [Berberidaceae] | Root | 762 | 762 | PED 1/ |
Smilax spp [Smilacaceae] | Root | 745 | 745 | PED |
Sassafras albidum (NUTT.) NEES [Lauraceae] | Stem | 6 | 740 | DUKE1992A |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) SPRENGEL [Ericaceae] | Leaf | 719 | 719 | PED |
Viburnum opulus subsp. var. opulus [Adoxaceae] | Bark | 702 | 702 | PED |
Asparagus officinalis L. [Liliaceae] | Shoot | 13 | 700 | DUKE1992A |
Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE [Theaceae] | Leaf | 690 | 690 | DUKE1992A |
Althaea officinalis L. [Malvaceae] | Root | 680 | 680 | PED |
Zingiber officinale ROSCOE [Zingiberaceae] | Root | 663 | 663 | PED |
Nyssa sylvatica MARSHALL [Cornaceae] | Stem | 22 | 660 | DUKE1992A |
Quercus rubra L. [Fagaceae] | Stem | 30 | 660 | DUKE1992A |
Taraxacum officinale WEBER EX F. H. WIGG. [Asteraceae] | Root | 656 | 656 | PED |
Fucus vesiculosus L. [] | Plant | 631 | 631 | PED |
Rhodymenia palmata [] | Plant | 615 | 615 | DUKE1992A |
Rhus copallina L. [Anacardiaceae] | Stem | 18 | 610 | DUKE1992A |
Turnera diffusa WILLD. EX SCHULT. [Turneraceae] | Leaf | 605 | 605 | PED |
Prunus serotina subsp. serotina [Rosaceae] | Stem | 0 | 540 | USG |
Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex NEES) STAPF [Poaceae] | Plant | 515 | 515 | PED |
Berberis vulgaris L. [Berberidaceae] | Root | 489 | 489 | PED |
Quercus velutina LAM. [Fagaceae] | Stem | 24 | 434 | DUKE1992A |
Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS [Apiaceae] | Root | 422 | 422 | PED |
Valeriana officinalis L. [Valerianaceae] | Root | 422 | 422 | PED |
Beta vulgaris subsp. subsp. vulgaris [Chenopodiaceae] | Root | 1 | 420 | AAS USG |
Erythroxylum coca var. coca [Erythroxylaceae] | Leaf | 395 | 420 | DUKE1992A |
Quercus phellos L. [Fagaceae] | Stem | 14 | 420 | DUKE1992A |
Rubus idaeus L. [Rosaceae] | Leaf | 392 | 392 | PED |
Petroselinum crispum (MILLER) NYMAN EX A. W. HILLL [Apiaceae] | Plant | 6 | 390 | AAS USG |
Rumex crispus L. [Polygonaceae] | Root | 390 | 390 | PED |
Allium cepa L. [Liliaceae] | Bulb | 0.3 | 385 | AAS USG |
Diospyros virginiana L. [Ebenaceae] | Stem | 4 | 378 | DUKE1992A |
Equisetum arvense L. [Equisetaceae] | Plant | 378 | 378 | PED |
Chondrus crispus (L.) STACKH. [] | Plant | 355 | 355 | PED |
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. [Fabaceae] | Seed | 350 | 350 | PED |
Urtica dioica L. [Urticaceae] | Leaf | 62 | 345 | AAS HH3 |
Elytrigia repens (L.) DESV. EX NEVSKI [Poaceae] | Plant | 331 | 331 | PED |
Citrus paradisi MacFAD. [Rutaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 330 | AAS USG |
Hydrastis canadensis L. [Ranunculaceae] | Root | 325 | 325 | PED |
Gentiana lutea L. [Gentianaceae] | Root | 291 | 291 | PED |
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. [Malvaceae] | Flower | 125 | 290 | PED X11314985 |
Larrea tridentata (SESSE & MOC. ex DC.) COV. [Zygophyllaceae] | Plant | 290 | 290 | PED 1 |
Panax quinquefolius L. [Araliaceae] | Plant | 24 | 285 | DUKE1992A |
Viscum album L. [Viscaceae] | Leaf | 283 | 283 | DUKE1992A |
Zea mays L. [Poaceae] | Seed | 1 | 275 | USG |
Spinacia oleracea L. [Chenopodiaceae] | Leaf | 5 | 270 | AAS |
Silybum marianum (L.) GAERTN. [Asteraceae] | Plant | 267 | 267 | PED |
Scutellaria lateriflora L. [Lamiaceae] | Plant | 258 | 258 | PED |
Prunus domestica L. [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 255 | AAS USG |
Solanum tuberosum L. [Solanaceae] | Tuber | 3.9 | 255 | USG |
Lobelia inflata L. [Campanulaceae] | Leaf | 251 | 251 | PED |
Nepeta cataria L. [Lamiaceae] | Plant | 250 | 250 | PED |
Cypripedium pubescens WILLD. [Orchidaceae] | Root | 238 | 238 | PED 1/ |
Symphytum officinale L. [Boraginaceae] | Root | 237 | 237 | PED |
Arctium lappa L. [Asteraceae] | Root | 231 | 231 | PED |
Juglans nigra L. [Juglandaceae] | Fruit | 231 | 231 | PED 4 |
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) NUTT. [Ranunculaceae] | Root | 226 | 226 | PED |
Hydrangea arborescens L. [Hydrangeaceae] | Root | 221 | 221 | PED 1 |
Zea mays L. [Poaceae] | Silk Stigma Style | 213 | 213 | PED 6 |
Hordeum vulgare L. [Poaceae] | Stem | 212 | 212 | PED 9 |
Anethum graveolens L. [Apiaceae] | Plant | 4 | 210 | AAS |
Dioscorea sp. [Dioscoreaceae] | Root | 210 | 210 | DUKE1992A |
Raphanus sativus L. [Brassicaceae] | Root | 6 | 185 | DUKE1992A |
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Fabaceae] | Root | 182 | 182 | PED |
Schisandra chinensis (TURCZ.) BAILL. [Schisandraceae] | Fruit | 174 | 174 | PED |
Cichorium endivia L. [Asteraceae] | Leaf | 60 | 168 | DUKE1992A |
Citrus sinensis (L.) OSBECK [Rutaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 165 | USG |
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) MERR. & L. M. PERRY [Myrtaceae] | Fruit | 80 | 160 | BML |
Vitis vinifera L. [Vitaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 154 | AAS USG |
Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. [Polygonaceae] | Root | 152 | 152 | PED |
Myrica cerifera L. [Myricaceae] | Bark | 151 | 151 | PED 1 |
Trifolium pratense L. [Fabaceae] | Flower | 137 | 137 | PED |
Medicago sativa subsp. sativa [Fabaceae] | Plant | 135 | 135 | PED |
Malus domestica BORKH. [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 0.4 | 129 | AAS USG |
Lactuca sativa L. [Asteraceae] | Leaf | 3 | 126 | DUKE1992A |
Salvia officinalis L. [Lamiaceae] | Leaf | 115 | 115 | PED |
Pimenta dioica (L.) MERR. [Myrtaceae] | Plant | 110 | 110 | DUKE1992A |
Pyrus communis L. [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 105 | DUKE1992A |
Ribes rubrum L. [Grossulariaceae] | Fruit | 3 | 100 | DUKE1992A |
Euphrasia officinalis L. [Scrophulariaceae] | Plant | 99 | 99 | PED |
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. COOPER [Rhamnaceae] | Bark | 99 | 99 | PED |
Cnicus benedictus L. [Asteraceae] | Plant | 85 | 85 | PED |
Carthamus tinctorius L. [Asteraceae] | Flower | 84 | 84 | PED |
Rheum rhabarbarum L. [Polygonaceae] | Pt | 1 | 80 | DUKE1992A |
Cucumis melo subsp. ssp melo var.cantalupensis NAUDIN [Cucurbitaceae] | Fruit | 26 | 77 | USG |
Manihot esculenta CRANTZ [Euphorbiaceae] | Root | 10 | 77 | DUKE1992A |
Sorbus aucubaria L. [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 2 | 75 | DUKE1992A |
Phaseolus vulgaris subsp. var. vulgaris [Fabaceae] | Seed | 5 | 73 | USG |
Stevia rebaudiana (BERTONI) BERTONI [Asteraceae] | Leaf | 72 | 72 | PED |
Fragaria spp [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 3 | 70 | AAS |
Salix alba L. [Salicaceae] | Bark | 67 | 67 | PED |
Ribes nigrum L. [Grossulariaceae] | Fruit | 3 | 65 | AAS |
Cyrtosperma chamissonis (SCHOTT) MERR. [Araceae] | Root | 13 | 63 | DUKE1992A |
Ephedra sinica STAPF [Ephedraceae] | Plant | 63 | 63 | PED |
Mentha x piperita subsp. nothosubsp. piperita [Lamiaceae] | Leaf | 62 | 62 | PED |
Juniperus communis L. [Cupressaceae] | Fruit | 61 | 61 | PED |
Glycine max (L.) MERR. [Fabaceae] | Seed | 2 | 60 | USG WOI |
Foeniculum vulgare MILLER [Apiaceae] | Seed | 56 | 56 | PED |
Tragopogon porrifolius L. [Asteraceae] | Root | 56 | 56 | DUKE1992A |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea var. minus LODD. [Ericaceae] | Fruit | 5 | 53 | DUKE1992A |
Allium sativum var. sativum L. [Liliaceae] | Bulb | 52 | 52 | PED |
Phoenix dactylifera L. [Arecaceae] | Fruit | 51 | 51 | JAD |
Yucca baccata TORR. [Agavaceae] | Root | 51 | 51 | PED 1 |
Capsicum annuum L. [Solanaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 44 | AAS HHB USG |
Prunus persica (L.) BATSCH [Rosaceae] | Bark | 43 | 43 | DUKE1992A |
Brassica pekinensis (LOUR.) RUPR. [Brassicaceae] | Leaf | 28 | 42 | DUKE1992A |
Averrhoa carambola L. [Oxalidaceae] | Fruit | 3 | 41 | JAD |
Vaccinium myrtillus L. [Ericaceae] | Fruit | 4 | 38 | AAS PED 1 |
Pastinaca sativa L. [Apiaceae] | Root | 1 | 35 | DUKE1992A |
Achillea millefolium L. [Asteraceae] | Plant | 34 | 34 | PED |
Plantago psyllium L. [Plantaginaceae] | Seed | 34 | 34 | PED 1 |
Ribes uva-crispa L. [Grossulariaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 33 | DUKE1992A |
Armoracia rusticana GAERTN. ET AL. [Brassicaceae] | Root | 4 | 30 | AAS |
Crataegus laevigata (POIR.) DC [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 29 | 29 | PED |
Chamaemelum nobile (L.) ALL. [Asteraceae] | Flower | 27 | 27 | DUKE1992A |
Rubus chamaemorus L. [Rosaceae] | Fruit | 1 | 25 | DUKE1992A |
Pisum sativum L. [Fabaceae] | Seed | 1 | 24 | DUKE1992A |
Aloe vera (L.) BURM. f. [Aloeaceae] | Leaf | 22 | 22 | PED |
Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER [Araliaceae] | Root | 22 | 22 | PED 1 10673 |
Ulmus rubra MUHLENB. [Ulmaceae] | Bark | 22 | 22 | PED |
Quercus alba L. [Fagaceae] | Bark | 21 | 21 | PED |
Genipa americana L. [Rubiaceae] | Seed | 20 | 20 | DUKE1992A |
Genipa americana L. [Rubiaceae] | Fruit | 4 | 20 | DUKE1992A |
Amorphophallus campanulatus BLUME [Araceae] | Root | 4 | 18 | DUKE1992A |
Colocasia esculenta (L.) SCHOTT [Araceae] | Leaf | 18 | 18 | DUKE1992A |
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) SCHOTT [Araceae] | Root | 5.3 | 16.6 | DUKE1992A |